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Hana ʻia ia mai ka hopena esterization o ka waika inorganic a i ʻole ka waikawa organik a i ʻole ka waiʻona.Hiki i ka waiʻona a i ʻole phenol a i ʻole acidic anhydride, ka waiʻona a me ka ethylene, ka ʻakika ʻakika manuahi a me nā derivatives momona momona hiki ke hoʻohua i ka ester.ʻO ka hydrogen ma ka alpha-carbon i loko o nā molekala ester e nalowale i ka waiʻona molekala me kahi ester molekala ʻē aʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline e hoʻohua ai i ka ester β-keto, i kapa ʻia ʻo ester contraction reaction.No ka laʻana, hana ʻia ka acetyl acetate e hana i ka acetyl ethyl acetate.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia pane i ka synthesis organik.
ʻO ka inoa o ka ester mai ka inoa like o ka waikawa carboxylic a me ka waiʻona a i ʻole phenol, e like me "kahi waikawa a me kekahi ester".Ua kapa ʻia nā esters pōʻai he lactone (lactone).ʻO nā waiwai kemika o ka ester e like me ka amyl niche anhydride, ka mea maʻalahi i ka hydrolysis, ka waiʻona a me ka hopena amonia.ʻO ka ester haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he wai ʻala a me ka liʻiliʻi ʻole, a paʻa ka ester holomua.ʻO Estes nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻikoʻi a me nā mea waiwai synthetic, a ʻo kekahi mau esters he lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī.E like me ke ʻano o ka waika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ester i ka ester acid inorganic a me ka ester acid organic.ʻO Etate, he ester momona ka ethyl acetate, he ester aromatic ka acetate, a he ester cyclic ka namanonate.
He wai waihoʻoluʻu ʻole ka ester.ʻO ka ester i hana ʻia e ka lāhui momona a me ka waiʻona momona he ʻala hua, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai.He haʻahaʻa ke kiko uila o kekahi ester a puhi pinepine.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka mahu e ka ʻōpū hanu, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ester wai e ka ʻili.Ma hope o ka absorption, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka plasma, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi o lākou ma o nā māmā a me nā puʻupaʻa.Ma hope o kekahi hydrolysis, huli i ke kaʻina metabolic maʻamau.Ma waho aʻe o kekahi o nā pūhui ester, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻona loa, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he micro-toxic a hiki i nā ʻano mea ʻawaʻawa waena, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mea ʻona ʻole.Aia he 38 esters i loko o nā hui ʻala o ke kī.ʻO ka mea nui: ① ester momona: hana ʻia e ka waiʻona a me ka momona, e like me ka ethyl acetate, hexyl hexyate.② Aromatic ester: hana ʻia e ka waiʻona a me ka ʻakika ʻala, e like me Shun-3-hexylzyl.③ Circin esters: hana ʻia e ka waiʻona a me ka cyclocar, e like me ka jasmone hyacxide.ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa ka ester, hiki ke hydrolyzed a hana i ka waiʻona a me ka waikawa.ʻO nā helu kalapona haʻahaʻa he mau wai ʻala, a ʻo nā helu kalapona kiʻekiʻe he wai a paʻa ʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.